what does an calve look like from an angus bull to an hereford cow ?
Over 70 breeds of cattle tin be institute in the U.s. today. Notwithstanding, only nigh 12 to fifteen breeds have a major influence on the cattle industry.
Last calendar week, we reviewed the most common breeds of dairy cattle. This week we'll look at the most common breeds of beef cattle in the United States, considering the same factors — appearance, hardiness, fertility, history and production uses.
Although a big portion of the beef manufacture relies on crossbreeding to enhance the genetics of purebreds, management and consistency in product quality vary. Therefore, we volition focus on purebreds.
Angus
Advent
- Color: Black or red.
- Markings: None.
- Size: Medium. Cows weigh around ane,200 pounds; bulls weigh over 1,800 pounds.
- Horns: Naturally polled.
Other characteristics
- Region: Nationwide.
- Living conditions: Hardy cattle that can survive harsh winters, during snowfall and storms. Red Angus are said to adapt to warmer climates amend than the more dominant Blackness Angus.
- Calves: Bulls are sought after for breeding and cows calve easily considering of their dominant polled gene. Additionally, Angus calves mature faster than other breeds. Purebred calves are commonly too small to get to marketplace when they are built-in, then crossbreeding with dairy cattle is mutual for veal production.
- Health and temperament: Angus cattle are relatively docile and hardy. Even with minimal days on feed they manage to produce Prime and Choice class meats.
History
The first Angus cattle were brought to the U.s.a. in 1873 when George Grant imported them from Scotland to Kansas. Although the cattle were rejected at first, their value was somewhen realized and ane,200 cattle were imported into the Midwest from 1878 to 1883.
Uses
Angus cattle are a staple of the American beef industry. It is the nigh mutual breed of beef cattle in the U.S., known for superior muscling and marbling qualities. To be labeled "Certified Angus Beefiness" by USDA Graders, cattle must meet ten criteria:
- Small-scale or higher marbling
- Medium or fine marbling texture
- "A" maturity
- ten- to xvi-square-inch ribeye area
- Less than i,050-pound hot carcass weight
- Less than 1-inch fat thickness
- Superior muscling
- No hump on the neck exceeding 2 inches
- Practically free of capillary ruptures
- No night cutting characteristics
NOTE: Red and black varieties are considered separate breeds in the United States, merely have similar characteristics, which is why they were combined.
Charolais
Appearance
- Colour: White to flossy white.
- Markings: None.
- Size: Big. Cows weight i,250 to 2,000 pounds and bulls weigh 2,000 to over two,500 pounds.
- Horns: Naturally horned.
Other characteristics
- Region: Widespread in the United States. Introduced to southern states from Mexico, showtime, and later to New England states from Canada.
- Living Conditions: Able to perform well under a variety of ecology conditions.
- Calves: Charolais cattle produce heavy calves. Bulls have developed a reputation for grading up and herd improvement. Cows have a relatively easy fourth dimension calving.
- Wellness and temperament: Charolais are rugged, large muscled cattle. They are able to graze aggressively in warm weather and withstand common cold weather. Although they are not the most docile breed, Charolais are gentle natured.
History
In 1934, Charolais cattle were brought to the United States from Mexico. Imports stopped in the mid-1940s due to an outbreak of Hoof and Mouth Disease. The quarantine between the United States, Canada and Mexico lasted until 1965 when Canada opened its doors again. New bloodlines were then introduced to the New England states.
Uses
Charolais cattle are raised for beefiness. They are known for their superior growth ability and heavily muscled loins and haunches. They produce increased carcass weights, better yield grades and more marbling.
Gelbvieh
Advent
- Color: Cherry-red.
- Markings: None.
- Size: Large. On average, cows weigh effectually 1,650 pounds and bulls weigh around 2,200 pounds.
- Horns: Originally horned, but now a majority are polled.
Other characteristics
- Region: Widespread throughout the United States. Ranks fifth in number of animals among beef brood associations in the United states.
- Living atmospheric condition: Able to adapt to many different climate weather condition. In addition to the U.Due south., they have been introduced in Spain, Portugal, Great Uk, Canada, Commonwealth of australia, and South Africa.
- Calves: The brood has superior fertility, calving ease, mothering ability, and growth charge per unit of the calves.
- Health and temperament: Gelbvieh are known for their quiet temperament, quick maturity, longevity, muscling and high rate of grain and feed efficiency.
History
In July of 1971, Gelbvieh were introduced to the U.s. past Carnation Genetics by importing semen from Germany.
Uses
While the breed was originally selected for meat, milk and work, today, it is used primarily for beef production. Gelbvieh produce loftier cutout yields. They are known equally a lean breed and a source of high quality, tender young beefiness.
Hereford
Appearance
- Color: Red and white.
- Markings: Hereford cattle are easily recognized by their hides, marked with a white face, crest, dewlap and underline.
- Size: Medium. Cows weight effectually 1,200 pounds and bulls weigh upward to 1,800 pounds.
- Horns: Herefords, typically, take curt, which horns, but a polled strain has emerged in North America and the United Kingdom.
Other characteristics
- Region: Worldwide.
- Living weather condition: The authentication of the breed is its ability to produce a high yield of beef from eating native grasses. The hardy breed flourishes in a wide range of climates on well-nigh every continent, today.
- Calves: Herefords are known for their longevity. Many females produce calves beyond the age of 15 years.
- Wellness and temperament: While Hereford cattle are considered a hardy brood because of their adaptability to various environments and ability to graze easily, they are known for a few health bug. Some common wellness risks include eye cancer, vaginal prolapse, dwarfism and higher risk for sun damage due to the light pigmentation of their udders.
History
Hereford cattle originally came to the United States in 1817, when Henry Clay brought a bull and two females to Kentucky. Notwithstanding, the commencement breeding herd was established in 1840 by William H. Sotham and Erastus Corning in Albany, New York.
Uses
Herefords were developed to produce a high yield of beef, while maximizing efficiency of production. These characteristics have made Herefords one of the most popular breeds of cattle worldwide with more than 5 1000000 spread across over 50 countries.
Limousin
Appearance
- Color: Light wheat to darker gold ruddy. There are likewise black varieties.
- Markings: None.
- Size: Large. Males range in size from 2,200 to ii,500 pounds. Females weigh betwixt i,500 and 1,600 pounds.
- Horns: The Limousine is known for lighter horns, which curve forward. Even so, many are dehorned as calves. Additionally, polled varieties accept been developed.
Other characteristics
- Region: Widespread throughout the United States, and present in most 70 countries worldwide.
- Living conditions: Limousins accommodate easily to unlike climates and environments.
- Calves: A major reason Limousins have become popular is because of their ease of calving.
- Health and temperament: Once known for poor temperament, Limousine cattle take improved disposition over the years. They are also known for existence heavily muscled and lean.
History
The Limousine breed got a late showtime in the United States when compared to others. The first bulls imported permanently into the Us arrived in the fall of 1971.
Uses
Limousins are selected fortheir higher dressing percentages and yield, high feed conversion efficiency and their ability to produce lean, tender beef.
Shorthorn
Appearance
- Color: Red, white, roan.
- Markings: Red and white (at least thirty percent red or white and 70 percent the opposite), red with white marks (a reddish body with some white marks on the underline, sides and i or more legs or face up), roan (an intermingling of crimson and white hair over the entire body), also found in solid reds and whites.
- Size: Medium. Bulls weigh about ii,200 pounds and cows weigh 1,700 pounds.
- Horns: Yes, but can as well exist polled.
Other characteristics
- Region: Constitute throughout the United States.
- Living conditions: Hardy and adaptable to various environments.
- Calves: Shorthorns are known for increased calving ease and fertility.
- Health and temperament: Shorthorns are known for their longevity, feeding efficiency and durability. They are also known for their docile temperament. One major drawback, caused by a recessive gene is tibial hemimelia (Th), which causes astringent deformities in newborn calves.
History
Although Shorthorns were introduced in the United States in 1783, they weren't separated into Milking Shorthorn and Beef Shorthorn breeds until the latter one-half of the 2th century.
Uses
Shorthorns produce high-quality beef with practiced marbling.
Simmental
Appearance
- Color: Traditionally, scarlet and white. Still, are usually solid black and blood-red colors in the Usa today.
- Markings: Traditionally, a majority carmine with white markings on their f ace, crest, dewlap, underline, tails and sometimes spotted backs. Presently, solid colored.
- Size: Large. Cows range in size from 1,500 to 2,000 pounds and bulls weight around 2,900 pounds.
- Horns: They can be horned or polled.
Other characteristics
- Region: The American Simmental Association registers about lxxx,000 cattle annually throughout the Us.
- Living conditions: Easily adaptable to dissimilar climates and production structures.
- Calves: Simmentals are known for calving ease and good mothering traits. They take brusk intervals betwixt calving, high fertility rates and the power to reproduce long-term.
- Health and temperament: Simmentals are heavily muscled, fine-lined, well conformed and docile. They are also known for high fertility, longevity, early on maturity, good growth rates and efficient feeding. They are likewise piece of cake to handle and brand skillful grazers.
History
Simmental semen was introduced to the United states of america in 1967, followed by the first Simmental bull in 1971.
Uses
Simmentals all over the world produce high beef yields. The heavy muscling, length and overall size and weight of the animal are combined to produce high-quality carcasses of solid red meat with a minimum of waste fat.
Related Content
- How to determine if cattle are bulls, steers, cows or heifers
- How to place common breeds of dairy cattle
Resources
- Oklahoma State University
- American Angus Association
- American International Charolais Clan
- American Gelbvieh Clan
- American Hereford Association
- North American Limousin Foundation
- American Shorthorn Association
- American Simmental Association
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Source: https://www.farmanddairy.com/top-stories/how-to-identify-common-breeds-of-beef-cattle/424963.html
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